05-10-2002, 05:31 PM
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#2 (permalink)
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Senior Contributor
Join Date: May 2002
Location: vta.ca.usa
Posts: 555
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Here's a basic rundown of the entire Linux / UNIX directory structure, just FYI:
- '/' (root) - top level
- '/boot' - occasionally you'll have this as a seperate partition, to defeat any 1024 cylinder problems. Stores your boot information and usually the kernel. Takes up little space.
- '/bin' - where most of the system binaries are kept, all the basic utilities that the system would need to run, basic stuff like 'login' or 'ls'. Takes up average space. Not normally on it's own partition, no need to be.
- '/etc' - stores most of the configuration data, sysinit structure and files. This is almost always included as part of the root partition, no need to have it on a seperate one. Takes up little space.
- '/home' - normally user home directories, on some systems where the ftp and http servers keep their directories. You can mount this on a seperate partition to give yourself lots of room for MP3s, or maybe export it via NFS to another system.
- '/var' - all the 'variable' files are stored here. This is the most accessed of the entire filesystem, and should be on it's own partition. I find that REISERFS makes a particularly good filesystem to use for the '/var' partition, as it's very fast and best dealing with very small files as found on '/var'. All logging is done to this directory, all spooling and all other dynamic files are stored here. Security wise, it's smart to have '/var' on a seperate partition because it someone hits you with a DoS attack or similar, all the logs created by that will not fill up the root filesystem and crash your system. Takes up a good amount of space, figure using 500MB - 1GB of drivespace.
- '/root' - this is the root user's home directory, not to be confused with the root partition. Takes up little space.
- '/usr' - stores most of the bulk of the system, source code, kernel source and all the applications are normally stored under '/usr'. You can create it's own filesystem just to make sure you have enough room for everything, but it's not really a security issue.
- '/tmp' - temporary directory, sometimes a symlink back to '/var/tmp'. Takes up as much space as it wants. ;-) Not normally it's own partition.
- '/dev' - all the device files.
- '/opt' - optional software. Somewhat of a throwback to the older days where optional software could be installed rather than putting it under '/usr'.
Hope this answers your question. 
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