Hiya WinterWolf, I've seen some of your contributions to kde-look.org and their nice. Anyway back to your question, I'm also thinking of learning C++, I was previously learning Java (since 2001 in fact) but I found java to be useles so I decided to switch to C++. Some of the books that have been suggested to me were 'Thinking in C++' by Bruce Eckel, I am also looking at one called 'Learn to Program in C++' and its by Prof. John Smiley. I Read one of Prof. Smiley's books on Java and it was a very good introductery book but I think you'll find that his books are more orented towards Windows, I e-mailed him not to long ago about this and he said that the code should be Linux compatible but the chapter(s) on compiling won't be any good in Linux. The problem with the chapters on compiling shouldn't be a problem, just google yourself a tutorial on G++ and you should be off to a good start.
BTW. 'Learn to Program in C++' is available for free online, just go to
http://www.bruceeckel.com click on books and then find you way to the section where you can download the book(s) for free.
Oh, one more thing, I would appreciate people's opinions on the books I suggested to, I'm going to be placing an order on them soon if they are good, but I have no real way of knowing for sure before ordering them, which is why I asked for opinions.